Sources and Distribution of Mercury (Hg) Residues in Sediments and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Waters in the Cotonou Channel and Lake Nokoué, Benin

Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim; Etiennette Dassi; Finagnon Gabin Laly; Gildas Fiacre Agossou; Djafarou Abdoulaye; Sylvain Zoffoun; Martin Aina; Daouda Mama

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpc.20221104.16

Sources and Distribution of Mercury (Hg) Residues in Sediments and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Waters in the Cotonou Channel and Lake Nokoué, Benin

Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim, Etiennette Dassi, Finagnon Gabin Laly, Gildas Fiacre Agossou, Djafarou Abdoulaye, Sylvain Zoffoun, Martin Aina, Daouda Mama

Published in American Journal of Physical Chemistry (Volume 11, Issue 4)

Received: 13 November 2022 Accepted: 28 November 2022 Published: 8 December 2022

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Water is an essential resource for maintaining aquatic life and the quality of aquatic products. However, sediments are the most important place of accumulation of metal residues and their remobilization in the food chain. The objective of this work is to study the water physicochemical quality and the mercury contamination levels of the sediments in the Channel of Cotonou and Lac Nokoué. Temperature, pH, conductivity, salinity and dissolved oxygen have been measured on-situ in surface and deep water. The surface sediments have been sampled and analyzed in the laboratory using the cold vapor technique (CV-AAS) by the Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA 80) for mercury analysis. The characterization of the sediments through the granulometric fractions shows that the channel is sandy due to marine inputs while Lake Nokoué is essentially of the silt-sandy type. Mercury concentrations in Lake Nokoué sediments (up to 130.72 µg/kg) greatly exceed geochemical natural loads (20-30 µg/kg) and reveal mercury contamination; this is the case along the channel where the distribution of these residues is very uneven due to the dilution observed at the mouth by marine inputs from the Atlantic Ocean. According to the results obtained, the sediments of the two ecosystems are of class 6, extremely polluted sediments (Igeo > 5) showing a significant risk of migration of these residues in the food chain, especially for benthic organisms.

Published in	American Journal of Physical Chemistry (Volume 11, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpc.20221104.16
Page(s)	128-138
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Mercury, Contamination, Sediments, Channel, Nokoué Lake, Ecosystem

References

[1]	MIA., (2018). Initial assessment of Minamata Convention on Mercury (MIA). Initial assessment report in Bénin. P. 182.
[2]	Cheng, H., & Hu, Y., (2012). Mercury in municipal solid waste in China and its control: A review. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46, 593–605. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2026517
[3]	Lecler, M. T., Zimmermann, F., Silvente, E., Masson, A., Morèle, Y., Remy, A., & Chollot, A., (2018). Improving the work environment in the fluorescent lamp recycling sector by optimizing mercury elimination. Waste Manag. 76, 250–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.037
[4]	Tsydenova O., & Bengtsson M., (2011). Chemical hazards associated with treatment of waste electrical and electronic equipment. Waste Management 31 (2011) 45–5 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.08.014.
[5]	Bjørklund, G., Dadar, M., Mutter, J., Aaseth, J., (2017). The toxicology of mercury: Current research and emerging trends. Environ. Res. 159, 545–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.051
[6]	Sippl, K., & Selin, H., (2012). Global policy for local livelihoods: Phasing out mercury in artisanal and small-scale gold mining. Environment 54, 18–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/00139157.2012.673452
[7]	Mirlean, N., Baisch, P., Machado, I., & Shumilin, E., (2008). Mercury contamination of soil as the result of long-term phosphate fertilizer production. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 81, 305–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-008-9480-z
[8]	Frank, R., Ishida, K., & Suda, P., (1976). Metals in agricultural soils of ontario. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 56: 181-196.
[9]	Mitkus, R. J., King, D. B., Walderhaug, M. O., & Forshee, R. A., (2014). A Comparative pharmacokinetic estimate of mercury in U.S. infants following yearly exposures to inactivated influenza vaccines containing thimerosal. Risk Anal. 34, 735–750. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12124
[10]	Villanueva M. C., (2004). Biodiversity and trophic relationship in some estuarine and lagoon environments of West Africa: Adaptation to environmental pressures. Doctoral thesis from the Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, France, p. 246.
[11]	Gnonhossou M. P., (2006). The benthic fauna of a West African lagoon (Lake Nokoué in Benin), diversity, abundance, temporal and spatial variation, place in the trophic chain. Doctoral thesis from the University of Abomey-Calavi. 169p.
[12]	Soclo, H. H,. Garrigues, P. H. & Ewald, M., (2000). Origin of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Coastal Marine Sediments: Case Studies in Cotonou (Bénin) and Aquitaine (France) Areas. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 40 (5): 387-396.
[13]	Kouame, I. K, Gone D., Savane, I. L, Kouassi, E. A., Koffi, B. T. A., Goula, K., & Diallo, M., (2006). Relative mobility of heavy metals from the Akouédo landfill and risk of contamination of the Continental Terminal groundwater (Abidjan - Côte d'Ivoire). Africa Science, 2 (1): 39-56.
[14]	Youssao, A. K. A., (2011). Study of the distribution of lead residues in the aquatic ecosystems of Cotonou Channel and Lake Nokoué in Benin. THESE N° d’ordre: 17 - 011/FDCA/FAST/UAC.
[15]	Megnon, G. T., Soumanou, M. M., Tossou S. & Mensah, G. A.., (2012). Evaluation of the sanitary quality of shrimps (Penaeus sp) from Lake Nokoué in southern Benin: Chemical and microbiological aspects. Benin Agronomic Research Bulletin (BRAB) Special issue Game and non-game breeding – May 2012 BRAB online (on line) on the website http://www.slire.net ISSN sur papier (on hard copy): 1025-2355 et ISSN en ligne (on line): 1840-7099
[16]	Youssao, A., Soclo, H. H., Bonou, C., Vianou, K., Gbaguidi, M. & Dovonon, L., (2011). Assessment of the contamination of fish fauna in the Nokoué lagoon complex – Coton channel or by lead: case of the species Sarotherodon melanotheron, Tilapia guineensis and Hemichromis fasciatus (Benin). Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 5 (2): 595-602.
[17]	WHO. (1995). Plomb inorganique. Environmental Health Criteria 165. WHO, Genève.
[18]	Dovonou, F., Aina, M., Boukari, M. & Alassane, A., (2015). Physico-chemical and bacteriological pollution of an aquatic ecosystem and its ecotoxicological risk: case of Lake Nokoué in southern Benin. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 5, 1590-1602.
[19]	Dégila, H. W., Azon, N. B. N., Adounkpe, J. G., Chikou, A., Aïna,, M. P., (2020). Mercury content of sarotherodon melanotheron and chrysischthys nigrodigitatus of Lake Nokoue and Porto Novo lagoon in Bénin. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Science. 14, 2322–2332. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i6.31
[20]	Youssao Abdou Karim, A., Daouda, M. Alassane Moussa, A. K., Mama, D., Youssao Abdou Karim, I., (2018). Sources and Distribution of Mercury Residues in Environmental and Food Matrices of the Mekrou River Watershed in Kèrou, Kouandé and Péhunco in Republic of Bénin. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 6, 57. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14Cossa D., Lassus P., Le cadmium en milieu marin, biogéochimie et écotoxicologue, Rapports scientifiques et techniques de l’Ifremer n°16, 1989.
[21]	Irié, B., Trazie, J-G., Aka, N., Kando, A. M-L., Coulibaly, A. S., & Monde, S., (2019). Enrichment of sediments from the Ebrié lagoon (Côte d'Ivoire) in metallic trace elements (ETM): influence on sediment quality and benthic organisms. Journal of Applied Biosciences 142: 14448 – 14463. ISSN: 1997-5902. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab.v142i1.2
[22]	Konan, K. S., Gbamélé, K. S., Doffou, R. J. O., Brou, L. A., Kouassi, K. L., Dongui, B. K., (2020). Assessment of the Quality of Sediments and Agricultural Soils: Case of the Ity-Floleu Area in the Prefecture of Zouan-Hounien, Western Côte d’Ivoire. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2020, 8, 255-275 https://www.scirp.org/journal/gep ISSN Online: 2327-4344. ISSN Print: 2327-4336 DOI: 10.4236/gep.2020.812016.
[23]	Muller, G. (1979). Heavy Metals in the Sediments of the Rhine-Changes since 1971. Umschau in Wissenschaft und Technik, 79, 778-783.
[24]	Grosbois C. (2012). Geochemistry of the Loire waters: natural and anthropogenic contributions, quantification of erosion. Thesis, University of Tours, p232.
[25]	R Core Team (2020). Indicator codes: CSI 019, WAT 002 R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
[26]	Mama, D., Deluchat, V., Bowen, J., Chouti, W., Yao, B., Gnon, B., Baudu, M., (2011). Characterization of a Lagoon System in a Tropical Zone: Case of Lake Nokoué (Benin). European Journal of Scientific Research, EuroJournals, 56 (4), pp. 516-528.
[27]	Youssao, A., Soclo, H. H., Bonou C., Gbaguidi, M., Bossou, B., Dovonon, L., Fayomi, B., Donard, O., 2011. Caractérisation et influence des apports polluants sur la distribution of sedimentary lead in the Cotonou Channel (Benin). J. Soc. West-Afr. Chim. (2011) 032; 79 -87. J. Soc. West-Afr. Chim. Code Chemical Abstracts: JSOCF2 Cote INIST (CNRS France): 27680 ISSN 0796-6687 16ème Année, Décembre 2011, N° 032.
[28]	Gobeil, C., & Cossa D., 1993. Mercury in sediments and sediment pore waters in the Laurentian Trough. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 50, 1794-1800.
[29]	Furutani, A.; Rudd, J. W. M., (1980). Measurement of Mercury Methylation in Lake Water and Sediment Samples. Appl. EnViron. Microbiol. 1980, 40, 770. Vol. 40, No. 4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.40.4.770-776.19
[30]	Ramlal, P. S., Kelly, C. A., Rudd, J. W. M. & Furutani A., (1993). Sites of methyl mercury production in remote Canadian Shield lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 50, 972-979.
[31]	Fabbri, D., Gabbianelli, G., Locatelli, C., Lubrano, D., Trombini, C. & Vassura, I., (2001). Distribution of mercury and other heavy metals in core sediments of the northern adriatic sea. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 129: 143–153, 2001.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim, Etiennette Dassi, Finagnon Gabin Laly, Gildas Fiacre Agossou, Djafarou Abdoulaye, et al. (2022). Sources and Distribution of Mercury (Hg) Residues in Sediments and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Waters in the Cotonou Channel and Lake Nokoué, Benin. American Journal of Physical Chemistry, 11(4), 128-138. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20221104.16

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim; Etiennette Dassi; Finagnon Gabin Laly; Gildas Fiacre Agossou; Djafarou Abdoulaye, et al. Sources and Distribution of Mercury (Hg) Residues in Sediments and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Waters in the Cotonou Channel and Lake Nokoué, Benin. Am. J. Phys. Chem. 2022, 11(4), 128-138. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpc.20221104.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim, Etiennette Dassi, Finagnon Gabin Laly, Gildas Fiacre Agossou, Djafarou Abdoulaye, et al. Sources and Distribution of Mercury (Hg) Residues in Sediments and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Waters in the Cotonou Channel and Lake Nokoué, Benin. Am J Phys Chem. 2022;11(4):128-138. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpc.20221104.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajpc.20221104.16,
  author = {Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim and Etiennette Dassi and Finagnon Gabin Laly and Gildas Fiacre Agossou and Djafarou Abdoulaye and Sylvain Zoffoun and Martin Aina and Daouda Mama},
  title = {Sources and Distribution of Mercury (Hg) Residues in Sediments and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Waters in the Cotonou Channel and Lake Nokoué, Benin},
  journal = {American Journal of Physical Chemistry},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {128-138},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpc.20221104.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20221104.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpc.20221104.16},
  abstract = {Water is an essential resource for maintaining aquatic life and the quality of aquatic products. However, sediments are the most important place of accumulation of metal residues and their remobilization in the food chain. The objective of this work is to study the water physicochemical quality and the mercury contamination levels of the sediments in the Channel of Cotonou and Lac Nokoué. Temperature, pH, conductivity, salinity and dissolved oxygen have been measured on-situ in surface and deep water. The surface sediments have been sampled and analyzed in the laboratory using the cold vapor technique (CV-AAS) by the Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA 80) for mercury analysis. The characterization of the sediments through the granulometric fractions shows that the channel is sandy due to marine inputs while Lake Nokoué is essentially of the silt-sandy type. Mercury concentrations in Lake Nokoué sediments (up to 130.72 µg/kg) greatly exceed geochemical natural loads (20-30 µg/kg) and reveal mercury contamination; this is the case along the channel where the distribution of these residues is very uneven due to the dilution observed at the mouth by marine inputs from the Atlantic Ocean. According to the results obtained, the sediments of the two ecosystems are of class 6, extremely polluted sediments (Igeo > 5) showing a significant risk of migration of these residues in the food chain, especially for benthic organisms.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Sources and Distribution of Mercury (Hg) Residues in Sediments and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Waters in the Cotonou Channel and Lake Nokoué, Benin
AU  - Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim
AU  - Etiennette Dassi
AU  - Finagnon Gabin Laly
AU  - Gildas Fiacre Agossou
AU  - Djafarou Abdoulaye
AU  - Sylvain Zoffoun
AU  - Martin Aina
AU  - Daouda Mama
Y1  - 2022/12/08
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20221104.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpc.20221104.16
T2  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
SP  - 128
EP  - 138
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2449
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20221104.16
AB  - Water is an essential resource for maintaining aquatic life and the quality of aquatic products. However, sediments are the most important place of accumulation of metal residues and their remobilization in the food chain. The objective of this work is to study the water physicochemical quality and the mercury contamination levels of the sediments in the Channel of Cotonou and Lac Nokoué. Temperature, pH, conductivity, salinity and dissolved oxygen have been measured on-situ in surface and deep water. The surface sediments have been sampled and analyzed in the laboratory using the cold vapor technique (CV-AAS) by the Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA 80) for mercury analysis. The characterization of the sediments through the granulometric fractions shows that the channel is sandy due to marine inputs while Lake Nokoué is essentially of the silt-sandy type. Mercury concentrations in Lake Nokoué sediments (up to 130.72 µg/kg) greatly exceed geochemical natural loads (20-30 µg/kg) and reveal mercury contamination; this is the case along the channel where the distribution of these residues is very uneven due to the dilution observed at the mouth by marine inputs from the Atlantic Ocean. According to the results obtained, the sediments of the two ecosystems are of class 6, extremely polluted sediments (Igeo > 5) showing a significant risk of migration of these residues in the food chain, especially for benthic organisms.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim

Applied Chemistry Study and Research Laboratory, Ecotoxicology and Quality Study Research Unit, Cotonou, Benin
Etiennette Dassi

Applied Chemistry Study and Research Laboratory, Ecotoxicology and Quality Study Research Unit, Cotonou, Benin
Finagnon Gabin Laly

Applied Statistic and Biometry Study Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
Gildas Fiacre Agossou

Applied Chemistry Study and Research Laboratory, Ecotoxicology and Quality Study Research Unit, Cotonou, Benin
Djafarou Abdoulaye

Applied Chemistry Study and Research Laboratory, Ecotoxicology and Quality Study Research Unit, Cotonou, Benin
Sylvain Zoffoun

Applied Chemistry Study and Research Laboratory, Ecotoxicology and Quality Study Research Unit, Cotonou, Benin
Martin Aina

Environmental Study and Monitoring Laboratory (LESE), Directorate General for Environment and Climate (DGEC), Ministry of the Living Environment and the Sustainable Development, Cotonou, Benin
Daouda Mama

Applied Hydrology Laboratory (LHA), National Water Institute (INE), University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim, Etiennette Dassi, Finagnon Gabin Laly, Gildas Fiacre Agossou, Djafarou Abdoulaye, et al. (2022). Sources and Distribution of Mercury (Hg) Residues in Sediments and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Waters in the Cotonou Channel and Lake Nokoué, Benin. American Journal of Physical Chemistry, 11(4), 128-138. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20221104.16

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim; Etiennette Dassi; Finagnon Gabin Laly; Gildas Fiacre Agossou; Djafarou Abdoulaye, et al. Sources and Distribution of Mercury (Hg) Residues in Sediments and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Waters in the Cotonou Channel and Lake Nokoué, Benin. Am. J. Phys. Chem. 2022, 11(4), 128-138. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpc.20221104.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim, Etiennette Dassi, Finagnon Gabin Laly, Gildas Fiacre Agossou, Djafarou Abdoulaye, et al. Sources and Distribution of Mercury (Hg) Residues in Sediments and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Waters in the Cotonou Channel and Lake Nokoué, Benin. Am J Phys Chem. 2022;11(4):128-138. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpc.20221104.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajpc.20221104.16,
  author = {Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim and Etiennette Dassi and Finagnon Gabin Laly and Gildas Fiacre Agossou and Djafarou Abdoulaye and Sylvain Zoffoun and Martin Aina and Daouda Mama},
  title = {Sources and Distribution of Mercury (Hg) Residues in Sediments and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Waters in the Cotonou Channel and Lake Nokoué, Benin},
  journal = {American Journal of Physical Chemistry},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {128-138},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpc.20221104.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20221104.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpc.20221104.16},
  abstract = {Water is an essential resource for maintaining aquatic life and the quality of aquatic products. However, sediments are the most important place of accumulation of metal residues and their remobilization in the food chain. The objective of this work is to study the water physicochemical quality and the mercury contamination levels of the sediments in the Channel of Cotonou and Lac Nokoué. Temperature, pH, conductivity, salinity and dissolved oxygen have been measured on-situ in surface and deep water. The surface sediments have been sampled and analyzed in the laboratory using the cold vapor technique (CV-AAS) by the Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA 80) for mercury analysis. The characterization of the sediments through the granulometric fractions shows that the channel is sandy due to marine inputs while Lake Nokoué is essentially of the silt-sandy type. Mercury concentrations in Lake Nokoué sediments (up to 130.72 µg/kg) greatly exceed geochemical natural loads (20-30 µg/kg) and reveal mercury contamination; this is the case along the channel where the distribution of these residues is very uneven due to the dilution observed at the mouth by marine inputs from the Atlantic Ocean. According to the results obtained, the sediments of the two ecosystems are of class 6, extremely polluted sediments (Igeo > 5) showing a significant risk of migration of these residues in the food chain, especially for benthic organisms.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Sources and Distribution of Mercury (Hg) Residues in Sediments and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Waters in the Cotonou Channel and Lake Nokoué, Benin
AU  - Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim
AU  - Etiennette Dassi
AU  - Finagnon Gabin Laly
AU  - Gildas Fiacre Agossou
AU  - Djafarou Abdoulaye
AU  - Sylvain Zoffoun
AU  - Martin Aina
AU  - Daouda Mama
Y1  - 2022/12/08
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20221104.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpc.20221104.16
T2  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
SP  - 128
EP  - 138
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2449
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20221104.16
AB  - Water is an essential resource for maintaining aquatic life and the quality of aquatic products. However, sediments are the most important place of accumulation of metal residues and their remobilization in the food chain. The objective of this work is to study the water physicochemical quality and the mercury contamination levels of the sediments in the Channel of Cotonou and Lac Nokoué. Temperature, pH, conductivity, salinity and dissolved oxygen have been measured on-situ in surface and deep water. The surface sediments have been sampled and analyzed in the laboratory using the cold vapor technique (CV-AAS) by the Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA 80) for mercury analysis. The characterization of the sediments through the granulometric fractions shows that the channel is sandy due to marine inputs while Lake Nokoué is essentially of the silt-sandy type. Mercury concentrations in Lake Nokoué sediments (up to 130.72 µg/kg) greatly exceed geochemical natural loads (20-30 µg/kg) and reveal mercury contamination; this is the case along the channel where the distribution of these residues is very uneven due to the dilution observed at the mouth by marine inputs from the Atlantic Ocean. According to the results obtained, the sediments of the two ecosystems are of class 6, extremely polluted sediments (Igeo > 5) showing a significant risk of migration of these residues in the food chain, especially for benthic organisms.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download